The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is an essential tool for researchers that allows them to explore the astronomy and astrophysics scientific literature, but it has yet to exploit recent advances in natural language processing. At ADASS 2021, we introduced astroBERT, a machine learning language model tailored to the text used in astronomy papers in ADS. In this work we: - announce the first public release of the astroBERT language model; - show how astroBERT improves over existing public language models on astrophysics specific tasks; - and detail how ADS plans to harness the unique structure of scientific papers, the citation graph and citation context, to further improve astroBERT.
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用于探索美国国家航空航天局的搜索工具(广告)可以相当丰富和赋予(例如,类似和趋势的运营商),但研究人员尚未允许完全杠杆语义搜索。例如,对“普朗克任务的结果”查询应该能够区分普朗克(人,任务,常量,机构和更多)的所有各种含义,而无需从用户进一步澄清。在广告中,我们正在将现代机器学习和自然语言处理技术应用于我们最近的天文出版物的数据集,以培训Astrobert,这是一种基于Google研究的深刻语境语言模型。使用AstrBert,我们的目标是丰富广告数据集并提高其可发现性,特别是我们正在开发自己的命名实体识别工具。我们在这里展示我们初步的结果和经验教训。
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ICECUBE是一种用于检测1 GEV和1 PEV之间大气和天体中微子的光学传感器的立方公斤阵列,该阵列已部署1.45 km至2.45 km的南极的冰盖表面以下1.45 km至2.45 km。来自ICE探测器的事件的分类和重建在ICeCube数据分析中起着核心作用。重建和分类事件是一个挑战,这是由于探测器的几何形状,不均匀的散射和冰中光的吸收,并且低于100 GEV的光,每个事件产生的信号光子数量相对较少。为了应对这一挑战,可以将ICECUBE事件表示为点云图形,并将图形神经网络(GNN)作为分类和重建方法。 GNN能够将中微子事件与宇宙射线背景区分开,对不同的中微子事件类型进行分类,并重建沉积的能量,方向和相互作用顶点。基于仿真,我们提供了1-100 GEV能量范围的比较与当前ICECUBE分析中使用的当前最新最大似然技术,包括已知系统不确定性的影响。对于中微子事件分类,与当前的IceCube方法相比,GNN以固定的假阳性速率(FPR)提高了信号效率的18%。另外,GNN在固定信号效率下将FPR的降低超过8(低于半百分比)。对于能源,方向和相互作用顶点的重建,与当前最大似然技术相比,分辨率平均提高了13%-20%。当在GPU上运行时,GNN能够以几乎是2.7 kHz的中位数ICECUBE触发速率的速率处理ICECUBE事件,这打开了在在线搜索瞬态事件中使用低能量中微子的可能性。
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血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)用母体高氧可以评估胎盘内的氧运输,并已成为研究胎盘功能的有前途的工具。测量信号随着时间的变化需要在时间序列的每个体积中分割胎盘。由于大胆的时间序列中的数量大量,现有研究依靠注册将所有卷映射到手动分段模板。由于胎盘由于胎儿运动,母体运动和收缩而导致大变形,因此这种方法通常会导致大量废弃体积,而注册方法失败。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个基于U-NET神经网络体系结构的机器学习模型,以自动以粗体MRI分割胎盘,并将其应用于时间序列中的每个卷。我们使用边界加权损失函数来准确捕获胎盘形状。我们的模型经过训练和测试,并在91位包含健康胎儿的受试者,胎儿生长限制的胎儿以及BMI高的母亲中进行了测试。当与地面真实标签匹配时,我们的骰子得分为0.83 +/- 0.04,并且我们的模型在粗体时间序列中可靠地分割量氧和高氧点的量。我们的代码和训练有素的模型可在https://github.com/mabulnaga/automatic-placenta-mentegation上获得。
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尽管电子健康记录是生物医学研究的丰富数据来源,但这些系统并未在医疗环境中统一地实施,并且由于医疗保健碎片化和孤立的电子健康记录之间缺乏互操作性,可能缺少大量数据。考虑到缺少数据的案例的删除可能会在随后的分析中引起严重的偏见,因此,一些作者更喜欢采用多重插补策略来恢复缺失的信息。不幸的是,尽管几项文献作品已经通过使用现在可以自由研究的任何不同的多个归档算法记录了有希望的结果,但尚无共识,MI算法效果最好。除了选择MI策略之外,归纳算法及其应用程序设置的选择也至关重要且具有挑战性。在本文中,受鲁宾和范布伦的开创性作品的启发,我们提出了一个方法学框架,可以应用于评估和比较多种多个插补技术,旨在选择用于计算临床研究工作中最有效的推断。我们的框架已被应用于验证和扩展较大的队列,这是我们在先前的文献研究中提出的结果,我们在其中评估了关键患者的描述符和Covid-19的影响在2型糖尿病患者中的影响,其数据为2型糖尿病,其数据为2型糖尿病由国家共同队列合作飞地提供。
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在本文中,我们研究了多语言句子嵌入的使用,以转移跨管辖区,法律制度(普通和民法),语言和域名的审判决策功能分割的预测模型(即语境)。利用原始环境之外的语言资源的机制在AI和法律中具有显着的潜在利益,因为法律制度,语言或传统之间的差异往往阻碍了更广泛的研究结果。我们使用跨语言可转换的门控复发单元(GRUS)分析使用语言无话句子表示的使用。调查不同背景之间的转移,我们开发了一种审判决策功能分割的注释方案。我们发现模特超出了他们接受培训的背景(例如,在美国的行政决定上培训的模型可以应用于意大利的刑法决定)。此外,我们发现在多种上下文上培训模型增加了鲁棒性并在评估先前看不见的上下文时提高整体性能。最后,我们发现,从所有上下文中汇集训练数据增强了模型的上下文性能。
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我们提出了一种基于体积的基于网格的算法,用于参数化胎盘到扁平模板,以实现局部解剖结构和功能的有效可视化。 MRI显示潜在作为研究工具,因为它提供与胎盘功能直接相关的信号。然而,由于胎盘体内形状的弯曲和高度变化,解释和可视化这些图像是困难的。我们通过绘制胎盘来解决解释挑战,以便它类似于熟悉的离体形状。我们将参数化作为优化问题,用于将体积网格表示的胎盘形状映射到扁平模板。我们采用对称的Dirichlet Energy来控制整个体积的局部变形。在梯度下降优化期间,映射中的局部注射是由约束的线路搜索强制执行的。我们使用从大胆的MRI图像中提取的111个胎盘形状的研究研究验证了我们的方法。我们的映射在匹配模板时实现了子体素准确性,同时保持整个音量的低失真。我们展示了胎盘的扁平化程度如何改善解剖学和功能的可视化。我们的代码在https://github.com/mabulnaga/plentaa-flatteny自由提供。
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Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide allocation policies that optimally balance learning and earning, they tend to be computationally expensive. The Gittins Index (GI) is a solution to the MABP that can simultaneously attain optimality and computationally efficiency goals, and it has been recently used in experiments with Bernoulli and Gaussian rewards. For the first time, we present a modification of the GI rule that can be used in experiments with exponentially-distributed rewards. We report its performance in simulated 2- armed and 3-armed experiments. Compared to traditional non-adaptive designs, our novel GI modified design shows operating characteristics comparable in learning (e.g. statistical power) but substantially better in earning (e.g. direct benefits). This illustrates the potential that designs using a GI approach to allocate participants have to improve participant benefits, increase efficiencies, and reduce experimental costs in adaptive multi-armed experiments with exponential rewards.
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Quadruped robots are currently used in industrial robotics as mechanical aid to automate several routine tasks. However, presently, the usage of such a robot in a domestic setting is still very much a part of the research. This paper discusses the understanding and virtual simulation of such a robot capable of detecting and understanding human emotions, generating its gait, and responding via sounds and expression on a screen. To this end, we use a combination of reinforcement learning and software engineering concepts to simulate a quadruped robot that can understand emotions, navigate through various terrains and detect sound sources, and respond to emotions using audio-visual feedback. This paper aims to establish the framework of simulating a quadruped robot that is emotionally intelligent and can primarily respond to audio-visual stimuli using motor or audio response. The emotion detection from the speech was not as performant as ERANNs or Zeta Policy learning, still managing an accuracy of 63.5%. The video emotion detection system produced results that are almost at par with the state of the art, with an accuracy of 99.66%. Due to its "on-policy" learning process, the PPO algorithm was extremely rapid to learn, allowing the simulated dog to demonstrate a remarkably seamless gait across the different cadences and variations. This enabled the quadruped robot to respond to generated stimuli, allowing us to conclude that it functions as predicted and satisfies the aim of this work.
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Real-world robotic grasping can be done robustly if a complete 3D Point Cloud Data (PCD) of an object is available. However, in practice, PCDs are often incomplete when objects are viewed from few and sparse viewpoints before the grasping action, leading to the generation of wrong or inaccurate grasp poses. We propose a novel grasping strategy, named 3DSGrasp, that predicts the missing geometry from the partial PCD to produce reliable grasp poses. Our proposed PCD completion network is a Transformer-based encoder-decoder network with an Offset-Attention layer. Our network is inherently invariant to the object pose and point's permutation, which generates PCDs that are geometrically consistent and completed properly. Experiments on a wide range of partial PCD show that 3DSGrasp outperforms the best state-of-the-art method on PCD completion tasks and largely improves the grasping success rate in real-world scenarios. The code and dataset will be made available upon acceptance.
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